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Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1392146

ABSTRACT

La depresión en niños y adolescentes tiene en Chile una prevalencia de 5,1%(7). Su manejo debe considerar una perspectiva contextual, incorporando a los diferentes actores en el proceso terapéutico. Independiente del nivel de gravedad, es fundamental realizar psicoeducación y acompañamiento, frecuentemente se deben agregar psicoterapia, farmacoterapia o ambas. En prescolares, no están avalados los antidepresivos, siendo de primera línea de tratamiento la psicoterapia, debiendo incluir a los cuidadores principales. En escolares destaca la terapia cognitivo conductual (TCC) como efectiva, donde las intervenciones van dirigidas al niño y sus cuidadores. El uso de psicofármacos se evalúa individualmente, reservándose para casos graves o comórbidos, privilegiándose los ISRS que poseen mayor evidencia de eficacia y seguridad. En adolescentes aumenta la prevalencia de Depresión, para su manejo destacan la TCC individual y grupal, la Terapia psicoanalítica y la interpersonal. Los inhibidores selectivos de recaptación de la serotonina (ISRS) son de primera línea, considerando que su combinación con psicoterapia es más efectiva y segura que la farmacoterapia sola.


Child and adolescent depression in Chile has a prevalence of 5.1%. Its treatment must consider an environmental perspective, and it must include all the participants in the therapeutic process. It is always fundamental to psychoeducate and to give support, and it can be necessary to add psychotherapy, pharmacological therapy, or both. There is no evidence for the use of antidepressants in preschool age children, where the standard treatment is psychotherapy, which must include the main caregivers. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy is used in school age children, with its interventions directed to the child and his/her caregivers. The need for using drugs is assessed individually, and is preferred in severe cases or ones with comorbid diagnoses. The preferred group of drugs are the most effective and safe SSRIs. The prevalence of depression increases in adolescence, and in this age group there are several types of psychotherapy which can be used: individual or group Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, psychoanalytic therapy and interpersonal therapy. SSRIs are the standard treatment, and are considered most effective and safest when in combination with psychotherapy.


Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Adolescent , Depression/psychology , Depression/therapy , Psychoanalysis , Psychoanalytic Therapy , Cognitive Behavioral Therapy , Patient Education as Topic , Depression/drug therapy , Interpersonal Relations
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